Hours before a European Space Agency Ariane 5 rocket launch, a computer monitor displays cryogenic data at the CDL3 launch centre at ESA's Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana. It shows the status of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen propellant systems within a Vulcain engine. Stored in the launcher tanks and fed to the engine, they react chemically and expand in the engine combustion chamber then forced through the nozzle to provide the thrust that propels the vehicle into orbit. Cryogenic engines utilise propellants that are liquid under cryogenic conditions, at a temperature much lower than normal ambient conditions (-251°C for hydrogen and -184°C for oxygen). The advantage of cryogenic propellants is that they provide the highest thrust performance. .
Add to Cart Add to Lightbox Download